Apple took system protection to the next level in macOS 10.15 Catalina by splitting your normal boot volume into two pieces. It appears like a single volume on the Desktop, but it’s really two: one is labeled with the volume’s name, while the other has “- Data” appended to it.
Carbon Copy Cloner 5 is the latest version available. Users running Yosemite (10.10), El Capitan (10.11), Sierra (10.12), High Sierra (10.13), Mojave (10.14), or Catalina (10.15) should use this version of CCC. If you are having trouble downloading CCC from the link above, try this alternate download location. Upgrading from CCC 4? However, with either SuperDuper! Or Carbon Copy Cloner, one can boot their Mac from that external device, and do a recovery from it. In my case, and only needed to do this once, after booting such an external SuperDuper! Backup, I would use Disk Utility there to Erase and Format the internal drive (SSD in my case). Carbon Copy Cloner ($40) has supported making full clones that boot with Catalina since August 2019. If you haven’t used CCC in a couple of years, you need version 5 for Catalina support. Carbon Copy Cloner is a utility for backing up your data. Carbon Copy Cloner is a disk cloning and data backup utility that is popular with Mac OS X users due to its high speed and simple interface. The new version boasts a completely new user interface, as well as a number of added. Carbon Copy Cloner for Mac is sometimes referred to as 'Carbon Copy Cloner 1,1', 'Carbon Copy Cloner b3', 'Carbon Copy Cloner copy'. The common filenames for the application's installer are ccc-4.0.2.3517.zip, ccc-4.0.3.3847.zip, ccc-3.5.dmg, ccc-3.5.1.dmg or ccc-3.5.2.zip etc.
The new main volume is read only and contains only operating system files. This doubles down on the previously added System Integrity Protection (SIP) feature, which prevented key files from being modified as a way of reducing the potential for malware exploitation. This new approach in Catalina is a more severe version of this.
The Data volume contains everything else, and is tagged in Disk Utility with a Home icon over its disk icon in the descriptive view. By using new APFS features in Catalina, Apple can create a “volume group” that links the system and Data volumes together as a single item in function, and use “firmlinks” that allow cross-volume symbolic links without duplicating files, further tying the two logically distinct items together. Bombich Software, makers of Carbon Copy Cloner, has a more detailed explanation on their blog. (And note that if you mount a Catalina drive in Mojave, both volumes mount correctly, but appear separately and unlinked.)
During the upgrade from a previous macOS to Catalina, Apple moves any files that are located in a path that can no longer be written by the user to the Home directory’s Shared folder in “Relocated Items.”
When you start up Catalina, you don’t see two volumes on the desktop—just one, and it’s named as you would expect, with the plain name of your volume as you set it. Apple manages that trick by hiding the “- Data” volume, even though it’s mounted, and using firmlinks to make sure all the files in the Home directory and other read/write areas of macOS are mapped to the correct place.
This only gets confusing when things go awry. I’ve heard from several readers and read in a number of forums that the Data volume sometimes appears on the Desktop as another accessible volume. One reader even found that Time Machine refused to run after they had updated to Catalina because it found two copies of the “iMac – Data” volume, possibly because the reader had a backup mounted.
I don’t yet have an explanation as to why this happens, although it may have to do with the significant updates required for disk cloning software to work correctly with volume groups, firmlinks, and Catalina. If you clone or copy your Catalina startup volume with a utility not yet ready for Catalina or while booted into Mojave, it’s likely you create two disconnected volumes instead of a unified Catalina whole. (Carbon Copy Cloner is ready for Catalina; Shirt Pocket’s SuperDuper! update is in its final beta testing stage.)
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Time Machine can backup a Catalina startup volume group to a HFS+ drive, although you should only attempt to interact with such a backup within Catalina—in Mojave, Time Machine won’t know precisely how to deal with it.
This Mac 911 article is in response to a question submitted by Macworld reader Bill.
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